From Charity to Economic Empowerment: Mapping the Transformation of Productive Zakat in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/mzw.2026.8.2.144-167Keywords:
productive zakat; empowerment; islamic social finance; economic empowermentAbstract
This study synthesizes the literature on the shift from charity-oriented zakat distribution toward empowerment-oriented and productive zakat within the framework of economic empowerment and sustainability, employing a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. Literature searches were conducted across the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref, and Scopus databases, harvested using the Publish or Perish retrieval software, yielding 1,536 identified articles and 15 final articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Analysis using VOSviewer with a co-occurrence approach produced four dominant thematic clusters: poverty alleviation and economic growth, productive economic empowerment, zakat governance and distribution, and local institutional context. The reviewed literature indicates that productive zakat is frequently reported as effective in enhancing the welfare and economic independence of mustahiq (zakat recipients) through empowerment, business financing, and sustained mentorship, although most of these findings remain cross-sectional and have not been tested longitudinally. Nevertheless, zakat practice remains dominated by a consumptive charity approach that has not addressed the structural roots of poverty. Research gaps were identified in the minimal integration of charity–empowerment frameworks, the weakness of longitudinal studies, and limited evaluation of program governance. This study proposes an integrative zakat transformation model that links charity, empowerment, and productive zakat within a single sustainable framework, thereby advancing economic inclusion and structural poverty alleviation in Indonesia.
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