Shifting Poverty Paradigm: Maqasid Sharia Evaluation of Productive Zakat in Muslim Minorities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/mzw.2026.8.2.190-214Keywords:
Productive Zakat; Maqa>shi}d Sharia; Transformation, Muslim MinoritiesAbstract
This research evaluates the impact of the productive zakat program Zakat Mart (Zmart) BAZNAS on the shift in the poverty paradigm among mustahik in the Muslim minority region of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study with a phenomenological approach, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with selected informants purposively sampled from 25 mustahik who are still actively surviving. Field data shows that this program has not been entirely smooth; out of the initial 50 mustahik empowered since 2024, the business survival rate only reached 50%, with the slow graduation to muzakki due to market price fluctuations and the tight competition of modern retail amidst the reality of The Minority Paradox. Nevertheless, through the lens of Maqashid Syariah Muhammad Abu Zahra, this study found that the success of the surviving mustahik businesses was not solely driven by financial capital, but rather by the internalisation of the pillar of tahdzīb al-fardi (character education) instilled through intensive amil mentoring. Strengthening integrity and work discipline successfully restored human dignity (karāmah al-insāniyyah) in the realm of iqāmah al-‘adl, and encouraged social contributions in the realm of jalb al-maṣlaḥah. This study proves that the shift from dependency on aid to economic independence requires a synergy between the injection of material capital and the sustainable mental-spiritual reconstruction of beneficiaries.
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References
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Al-Bawwab, Rania Adel. “Zakat: Changing the Framework of Giving.” Islamic Economic Studies. emerald.com, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-08-2021-0026.
Anis, Fahami Muhammad, and Salina H. Kassim. “Effectiveness of Zakat-Based Programs on Poverty Alleviation and Economic Empowerment of Poor Women: A Case Study of Bangladesh.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 1, no. 2 (February 2016): 229–58. https://doi.org/10.21098/JIMF.V1I2.539.
Antonio, Muhammad Syafii, Sugiyarti Fatma Laela, and Thuba Jazil. “ABU ZAHRAH’S MAQASID SHARIA MODEL AS A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM.” Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma 11, no. 3 (December 2020): 519–41. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JAMAL.2020.11.3.30.
Aziz, Yasir, Fadillah Mansor, Shujaa Waqar, and Luqman Haji Abdullah. “The Nexus between Zakat and Poverty Reduction, Is the Effective Utilization of Zakat Necessary for Achieving SDGs: A Multidimensional Poverty Index Approach.” Asian Social Work and Policy Review 14, no. 3 (October 2020): 235–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/ASWP.12212;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.
Azzuhra, Alfia, Rina Desiana, and Ana Fitria. “Measuring the Performance of Zakat Management Baitul Mal Aceh Based on Maqashid Sharia Index.” International Journal of Zakat 10, no. 4 (2025): 64–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v10i4.697.
Badan Amil Zakat Nasioanal. “Program ZMart BAZNAS Bantu Mustahik Tingkatkan Kualitas Dan Variasi Produk Takjil Ramadhan.” BAZNAS, 2024.
Bashori, Akmal, Mutho’am mutho’am, Farida Arianti, Irma Nur Kumala, Eka Nurviani, and Firda Laily Mukarromah. “THE TRANSFORMATION OF ZAKAT LAW: An Analysis of Ijtihād Maqāṣidī in the Modernisation of Zakat Practices in Indonesia.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 15, no. 1 (July 2024): 34–72. https://doi.org/10.18860/J.V15I1.26733.
Beik, Irfan Syauqi, and Laily Dwi Arsyianti. “Measuring Zakat Impact on Poverty and Welfare Using Cibest Model.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 1, no. 2 (2016): 141–60. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v1i2.524.
Chatra P, M. Afdhal, Dyah Ayu Suryaningrum, Yuliana, Ni Made Taman Ayuk, Diah Retnowati, Febriyani Damayanti, Thomas Ola Langoday, et al. PENGANTAR EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN: Teori Dan Konsep Pembangunan Ekonomi Era Industri 4.0 & Society 5.0. Jambi: PT Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2023.
Creswell, John W. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design (Choosing Among Five Approaches). London: Sage Publications, 2013.
Darmawan, Awang, and Rina Desiana. “Zakat Dan Pemerataan Ekonomi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Al-Azhar Journal of Islamic Economics 3, no. 1 (2021): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.37146/ajie.v3i1.57.
Dirie, Khadar Ahmed, Md Mahmudul Alam, and Selamah Maamor. “Islamic Social Finance for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems 40, no. 4 (December 2024): 676–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2022-0317.
Gamon, Alizaman D., and Mariam Saidona Tagoranao. “Zakat and Poverty Alleviation in a Secular State: The Case of Muslim Minorities in the Philippines.” Studia Islamika 25, no. 1 (April 2018): 97–133. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v25i1.5969.
Herianingrum, Sri, Indri Supriani, Raditya Sukmana, Effendie Effendie, Tika Widiastuti, Qudsi Fauzi, and Atina Shofawati. “Zakat as an Instrument of Poverty Reduction in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 15, no. 4 (2024): 643–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2021-0307.
Ikhsan, Ainul, and Roihan Habibi. THE GREAT REDISTRIBUTION: Zakat Sebagai Solusi Ketimpangan Ekonomi Dunia. Kuningan: Goresan Pena, 2026.
Kusnan, Muhammad Damar Hulan Bin Osman, and Khalilurrahman. “Maqashid Al Shariah in Economic Development: Theoretical Review of Muhammad Umer Chapra’s Thoughts.” Millah: Journal of Religious Studies 21, no. 2 (2022): 583–612.
Lasiyono, Untung, and Wira Yudha Alam. Metodologi Penellitian Kualitatif. Sumedang: Mega Press Nusantara, 2024.
Lee, Jennifer, and Min Zhou. The Asian American Achievement Paradox. Los Angeles: UCLA Sociology, 2015.
Mawardi, Imron, Tika Widiastuti, Muhammad Ubaidillah Al Mustofa, and Fifi Hakimi. “Analyzing the Impact of Productive Zakat on the Welfare of Zakat Recipients.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 118–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145.
Mustofa, Mustofa, and Khotib Khotib. “Mosque-Based Community Empowerment Model Through Productive Zakat Distribution BAZNAS East Java Province.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 4, no. 2 (March 2023): 222–35. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2023.4.2.222-235.
Purwatiningsih, Aris Puji. “Why Do Indonesia Zakat Collection Not as Effective as Malaysia’s?” HIKMATUNA: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 74–90. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v6i1.2100.
Razali, Razali, Nora Maulana, Taufiq Taufiq, and Muhammad Deni Putra. “Optimization of Productive Zakat: A Catalyst for Achieving Economic Independence in Aceh.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 6, no. 1 (December 2024): 39–62. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2024.6.1.39-62.
Rohmaniyah, Wasilatur. “Optimalisasi Zakat Digital Melalui Penguatan Ekosistem Zakat Di Indonesia.” Al-Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law 3, no. 2 (2022): 232–46. https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v3i2.5743.
Royani, Royani, and Iwan Setiawan. “Analysis of International Trade Liberalisation In The Perspective of Islamic Economic Law Justice.” Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 2, no. 8 (2024): 1697–1707. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i8.301.
Sa’adah, Mazro’atus, and Uswatun Hasanah. “The Common Goals of BAZNAS’ Zakat and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) According to Maqasid Al-Sharia Perspective.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 16, no. 2 (2021): 302–26. https://doi.org/10.19105/AL-LHKAM.V16I2.4990.
Santoso, Ivan Rahmat. Zakat Produktif Dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi. Yogyakarta: CV. Bintang Semesta Media, 2025.
Santoso, Ivan Rahmat, Syahrir Mallongi, Siradjuddin, and Muhammad Basir Paly. “MEDIATING EFFECTS OF ISLAMIC BUSINESS SUCCESS ON PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT AND MUSTAHIQ WELFARE.” International Journal of Business and Society 25, no. 1 (2024): 111–27. https://doi.org/10.33736/IJBS.6903.2024.
Sila, Muhammad Adlin. Sosiologi Ekonomi (Teori Dan Praktik): Institusionalisasi, Hibridisasi, Dan Modal Sosial Ekonomi Islam Di Indonesia. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2022.
Solichin, Mohammad Muchlis, and Achmad Muhlis. “Correlation between Religiosity and Student Achievement Motivation in Islamic Education Science Students.” International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change 11, no. 10 (2020): 406–20.
Soni Irawan, Ah. “MaqāShid Al-Sharīah Jasser Auda Sebagai Kajian Alternatif Terhadap Permasalahan Kontemporean.” The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law 3, no. 1 (2022): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v3i1.192.
Suprayitno, Eko, Mohamed Aslam, and Azhar Harun. “Zakat and SDGs: Impact Zakat on Human Development in the Five States of Malaysia.” International Journal of Zakat 2, no. 1 (May 2017): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.15.
Utami, Hapsari Wiji. “Contextualization of Productive Zakat in the Modern Era to Reduce Poverty.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 4, no. 2 (March 2023): 134–48. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2023.4.2.134-148.
Wang, Zhen, and Zhi Zeng. “Effects of Multimorbidity Patterns and Socioeconomic Status on Catastrophic Health Expenditure of Widowed Older Adults in China.” Frontiers in Public Health. frontiersin.org, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188248.
Widiastuti, Tika, and Lina Nugraha Rani. “Evaluating the Impact of Zakat on Asnaf’s Welfare.” Global Journal Al-Thaqafah SI, no. Special Issue (December 2020): 91–99. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI2020-10.
Yahya, F A, and N Nasrulloh. “The Relevance of Maqashid Sharia in Green Economy (Study of Coastal Tourism Area Mangrove Park Labuhan, Bangkalan-Madura).” El-Faqih: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Hukum … 8, no. 3 (2022): 22. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/view/731%0Ahttps://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/download/731/601.
Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Ushul Fikih. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-’Arabi, 1958.
Al-Attas, M. Naquib. The Concept of Education in Islam. Malaysia: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISATAC), 1980.
Al-Bawwab, Rania Adel. “Zakat: Changing the Framework of Giving.” Islamic Economic Studies. emerald.com, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-08-2021-0026.
Anis, Fahami Muhammad, and Salina H. Kassim. “Effectiveness of Zakat-Based Programs on Poverty Alleviation and Economic Empowerment of Poor Women: A Case Study of Bangladesh.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 1, no. 2 (February 2016): 229–58. https://doi.org/10.21098/JIMF.V1I2.539.
Antonio, Muhammad Syafii, Sugiyarti Fatma Laela, and Thuba Jazil. “ABU ZAHRAH’S MAQASID SHARIA MODEL AS A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM.” Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma 11, no. 3 (December 2020): 519–41. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JAMAL.2020.11.3.30.
Aziz, Yasir, Fadillah Mansor, Shujaa Waqar, and Luqman Haji Abdullah. “The Nexus between Zakat and Poverty Reduction, Is the Effective Utilization of Zakat Necessary for Achieving SDGs: A Multidimensional Poverty Index Approach.” Asian Social Work and Policy Review 14, no. 3 (October 2020): 235–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/ASWP.12212;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.
Azzuhra, Alfia, Rina Desiana, and Ana Fitria. “Measuring the Performance of Zakat Management Baitul Mal Aceh Based on Maqashid Sharia Index.” International Journal of Zakat 10, no. 4 (2025): 64–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v10i4.697.
Badan Amil Zakat Nasioanal. “Program ZMart BAZNAS Bantu Mustahik Tingkatkan Kualitas Dan Variasi Produk Takjil Ramadhan.” BAZNAS, 2024.
Bashori, Akmal, Mutho’am mutho’am, Farida Arianti, Irma Nur Kumala, Eka Nurviani, and Firda Laily Mukarromah. “THE TRANSFORMATION OF ZAKAT LAW: An Analysis of Ijtihād Maqāṣidī in the Modernisation of Zakat Practices in Indonesia.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 15, no. 1 (July 2024): 34–72. https://doi.org/10.18860/J.V15I1.26733.
Beik, Irfan Syauqi, and Laily Dwi Arsyianti. “Measuring Zakat Impact on Poverty and Welfare Using Cibest Model.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 1, no. 2 (2016): 141–60. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v1i2.524.
Chatra P, M. Afdhal, Dyah Ayu Suryaningrum, Yuliana, Ni Made Taman Ayuk, Diah Retnowati, Febriyani Damayanti, Thomas Ola Langoday, et al. PENGANTAR EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN: Teori Dan Konsep Pembangunan Ekonomi Era Industri 4.0 & Society 5.0. Jambi: PT Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2023.
Creswell, John W. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design (Choosing Among Five Approaches). London: Sage Publications, 2013.
Darmawan, Awang, and Rina Desiana. “Zakat Dan Pemerataan Ekonomi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Al-Azhar Journal of Islamic Economics 3, no. 1 (2021): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.37146/ajie.v3i1.57.
Dirie, Khadar Ahmed, Md Mahmudul Alam, and Selamah Maamor. “Islamic Social Finance for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems 40, no. 4 (December 2024): 676–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2022-0317.
Gamon, Alizaman D., and Mariam Saidona Tagoranao. “Zakat and Poverty Alleviation in a Secular State: The Case of Muslim Minorities in the Philippines.” Studia Islamika 25, no. 1 (April 2018): 97–133. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v25i1.5969.
Herianingrum, Sri, Indri Supriani, Raditya Sukmana, Effendie Effendie, Tika Widiastuti, Qudsi Fauzi, and Atina Shofawati. “Zakat as an Instrument of Poverty Reduction in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 15, no. 4 (2024): 643–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2021-0307.
Ikhsan, Ainul, and Roihan Habibi. THE GREAT REDISTRIBUTION: Zakat Sebagai Solusi Ketimpangan Ekonomi Dunia. Kuningan: Goresan Pena, 2026.
Kusnan, Muhammad Damar Hulan Bin Osman, and Khalilurrahman. “Maqashid Al Shariah in Economic Development: Theoretical Review of Muhammad Umer Chapra’s Thoughts.” Millah: Journal of Religious Studies 21, no. 2 (2022): 583–612.
Lasiyono, Untung, and Wira Yudha Alam. Metodologi Penellitian Kualitatif. Sumedang: Mega Press Nusantara, 2024.
Lee, Jennifer, and Min Zhou. The Asian American Achievement Paradox. Los Angeles: UCLA Sociology, 2015.
Mawardi, Imron, Tika Widiastuti, Muhammad Ubaidillah Al Mustofa, and Fifi Hakimi. “Analyzing the Impact of Productive Zakat on the Welfare of Zakat Recipients.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 118–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145.
Mustofa, Mustofa, and Khotib Khotib. “Mosque-Based Community Empowerment Model Through Productive Zakat Distribution BAZNAS East Java Province.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 4, no. 2 (March 2023): 222–35. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2023.4.2.222-235.
Purwatiningsih, Aris Puji. “Why Do Indonesia Zakat Collection Not as Effective as Malaysia’s?” HIKMATUNA: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 74–90. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v6i1.2100.
Razali, Razali, Nora Maulana, Taufiq Taufiq, and Muhammad Deni Putra. “Optimization of Productive Zakat: A Catalyst for Achieving Economic Independence in Aceh.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 6, no. 1 (December 2024): 39–62. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2024.6.1.39-62.
Rohmaniyah, Wasilatur. “Optimalisasi Zakat Digital Melalui Penguatan Ekosistem Zakat Di Indonesia.” Al-Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law 3, no. 2 (2022): 232–46. https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v3i2.5743.
Royani, Royani, and Iwan Setiawan. “Analysis of International Trade Liberalisation In The Perspective of Islamic Economic Law Justice.” Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 2, no. 8 (2024): 1697–1707. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i8.301.
Sa’adah, Mazro’atus, and Uswatun Hasanah. “The Common Goals of BAZNAS’ Zakat and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) According to Maqasid Al-Sharia Perspective.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 16, no. 2 (2021): 302–26. https://doi.org/10.19105/AL-LHKAM.V16I2.4990.
Santoso, Ivan Rahmat. Zakat Produktif Dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi. Yogyakarta: CV. Bintang Semesta Media, 2025.
Santoso, Ivan Rahmat, Syahrir Mallongi, Siradjuddin, and Muhammad Basir Paly. “MEDIATING EFFECTS OF ISLAMIC BUSINESS SUCCESS ON PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT AND MUSTAHIQ WELFARE.” International Journal of Business and Society 25, no. 1 (2024): 111–27. https://doi.org/10.33736/IJBS.6903.2024.
Sila, Muhammad Adlin. Sosiologi Ekonomi (Teori Dan Praktik): Institusionalisasi, Hibridisasi, Dan Modal Sosial Ekonomi Islam Di Indonesia. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2022.
Solichin, Mohammad Muchlis, and Achmad Muhlis. “Correlation between Religiosity and Student Achievement Motivation in Islamic Education Science Students.” International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change 11, no. 10 (2020): 406–20.
Soni Irawan, Ah. “MaqāShid Al-Sharīah Jasser Auda Sebagai Kajian Alternatif Terhadap Permasalahan Kontemporean.” The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law 3, no. 1 (2022): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v3i1.192.
Suprayitno, Eko, Mohamed Aslam, and Azhar Harun. “Zakat and SDGs: Impact Zakat on Human Development in the Five States of Malaysia.” International Journal of Zakat 2, no. 1 (May 2017): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i1.15.
Utami, Hapsari Wiji. “Contextualization of Productive Zakat in the Modern Era to Reduce Poverty.” Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA) 4, no. 2 (March 2023): 134–48. https://doi.org/10.15642/MZW.2023.4.2.134-148.
Wang, Zhen, and Zhi Zeng. “Effects of Multimorbidity Patterns and Socioeconomic Status on Catastrophic Health Expenditure of Widowed Older Adults in China.” Frontiers in Public Health. frontiersin.org, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188248.
Widiastuti, Tika, and Lina Nugraha Rani. “Evaluating the Impact of Zakat on Asnaf’s Welfare.” Global Journal Al-Thaqafah SI, no. Special Issue (December 2020): 91–99. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI2020-10.
Yahya, F A, and N Nasrulloh. “The Relevance of Maqashid Sharia in Green Economy (Study of Coastal Tourism Area Mangrove Park Labuhan, Bangkalan-Madura).” El-Faqih: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Hukum … 8, no. 3 (2022): 22. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/view/731%0Ahttps://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/download/731/601.
Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Ushul Fikih. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-’Arabi, 1958.
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