From Asset-Based to Benefit-Oriented Waqf: Institutionalizing Contemporary Philanthropy for Educational Sustainability in Indonesian Pesantren
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/mzw.2026.8.2.168-189Keywords:
contemporary waqf; waqf reinterpretation; pesantren sustainability; waqf governance; Islamic philanthropyAbstract
Waqf has historically played a significant role in supporting Islamic educational institutions; however, its utilization in many pesantren remains constrained by conventional asset-oriented understandings. This study examines how Pondok Modern Tazakka reinterprets contemporary waqf concepts and actualizes them to support pesantren sustainability. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation, while analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that asset waqf remains the most visible and institutionally established instrument at Tazakka, particularly through land and infrastructure endowments that have supported the physical expansion of the pesantren. Cash waqf provides greater flexibility for operational and investment needs and broadens public participation through savings and automatic contribution schemes. Meanwhile, benefit waqf, professional waqf, and rights-transfer waqf extend participation through temporary use, professional expertise, and intellectual or financial rights. These instruments are institutionalized through governance mechanisms, fundraising systems, donor development, and waqf literacy programs, contributing to infrastructure development, financial resilience, human resource enhancement, organizational continuity, and educational sustainability. The findings further indicate that waqf diversification enables Tazakka to mobilize physical, financial, human, and intellectual resources within an integrated institutional framework. The study therefore recommends strengthening waqf literacy, institutional capacity, and governance mechanisms to optimize diversified waqf instruments for educational development. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a Pesantren-Based Contemporary Waqf Model, which explains the interaction between waqf reinterpretation, institutionalization, participation, and sustainability outcomes, while providing a conceptual framework for sustainable pesantren development. The model demonstrates that sustainability is generated not simply through asset accumulation, but through the institutional translation of contemporary waqf concepts into diversified resource mobilization, stakeholder participation, and long-term educational and organizational continuity within the pesantren context over successive generations.
Downloads
References
Ab Rahman, Muhamad Firdaus, and Muhammad Amanullah. “The Nature of Temporary Waqf, Its Ruling and Public Interest.” Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 7, no. 2 (2017): 175–1187. https://doi.org/10.7187/gjat122017-11.
Abdullah, Agung. “Waqf and State Interference: A Phenomenology Study in Al-Azhar University, Egypt.” Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking 3, no. 1 (September 2020): 38–56. https://doi.org/10.22515/jfib.v3i1.2625.
Abdullah, Mohammad. “Classical Waqf, Juristic Analogy and Framework of Awqāf Doctrines.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 12, no. 2 (2020): 281–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2019-0102.
Ali, Jawwad, Yousuf Azim Siddiqi, Nor Asiah Mohamad, and Rusni Hassan. “Shari’ah Heterogeneity of Indian Islamic Waqf Law (IIWL) and Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIFI) Standard: A Comparative Study in Light of Classical Rulings.” Journal of Islamic Finance 12, no. 1 (2023): 96–108.
Chalim, Abdul. “Pengelolaan Wakaf Uang Di Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf Dan Panca Jiwa Pondok.” Central Library of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, 2016. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/5299/.
Creswell, John W. Creswell J. David. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 5th ed. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 2018.
Don, Mohd Ali Muhamad, and Rohayati Hussin. “Waqf Model: Al-Azhar University Forever.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i2/20899.
F Asutay M., & Harningtyas A. “Developing Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Index to Evaluate Social Performance of Islamic Banks: A Conceptual and Empirical Attempt.” International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies,or, Durham University Business School, Durham University, UK 44, no. February (2017): 5–65.
Hasan, Rashedul, Abu Umar Faruq Ahmad, and Siti Alawiah Siti. “Building Trust in Waqf Management - Implications of Good Governance and Transparent Reporting.” Singapore Economic Review 67, no. 1 (2022): 459–75. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590820420059.
Hassan, M. Kabir, Aishath Muneeza, and Rashedul Hasan. Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development. Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009464963.
Hepni, Muhammad Khusna Amal, Ubaidillah, Mohammad Nabil Almunawar, Mahmudah, Fauzan, and Khairunnisa Musari. “Transformation of Local Wisdom Based on Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) in Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren) Towards Sustainable Society: Evidence in Indonesia.” In Organisational Learning and Sustainability: Advancing Knowledge for a Sustainable Future, 230–55, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003581918-12.
Jamal, Mulyono, Mohammad Hanief Sirajulhuda, Muhammad Aunurrochim Mas ad Saleh, and Khurun’in Zahro’. “Tanmiyah Waqf Al-Manāfi Min Ajl Al-Istiqlāliyah Fī Majāli Al-Iqtiṣād: Dirāsah Fī Ma’had Tazakkā Al-‘Aṣrī.” Al-Ahkam 33, no. 1 (2023): 89–112. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.1.13586.
Jasser Auda. Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008.
Kahf, Monzer. “The Role of Waqf in Improving The Ummah Welfare.” In The International Seminar on “Waqf as a Private Legal Body,” 1–26. Medan: Islamic University of North Sumatra, 2003. http://monzer.kahf.com/papers/english/ROLE_OF_WAQF_IN_THE_WELFARE_OF_THE_UMMAH.pdf.
———. “Towards the Revival of Awqaf: A Few Fiqhi Issues to Reconsider.” Harvard Forum on Islamic Finance and Economics. Harvard Forum on Islamic Finance and Economics. New York, 1999.
Kasdi, Abdurrohman. “The Empowerment of Productive Waqf in Egyptian Al-Azhar for Education and Its Relevance to Be Implemented in Indonesia.” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9, no. 11 (2018): 1839–51.
Kasdi, Abdurrohman, Abdul Karim, Umma Farida, and Miftahul Huda. “Development of Waqf in the Middle East and Its Role in Pioneering Contemporary Islamic Civilization: A Historical Approach.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 1 (2022): 186–98. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.10.
Mahmassani, Subhi, Hakim As Shidqi, Ahmad Afandi, Alip Sodiq, and Ferry Hidayat. “The Permissibility, Potentials and Management of Waqf Al-Manafi’ (Usufruct Endowment): Pondok Modern Tazakka’s Experience.” In Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Boarding School, 2:1020, 2025.
Masyhadi, Anang Rikza. “Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Pengelolaan Wakaf Di Pesantren Tazakka.” Ziswaf Asfa Journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 148–62. https://doi.org/10.69948/ziswaf.30.
Matthew B. Miles, A. M. Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. Qualitative Data Analysis. A Methods Sourcebook. Califorinia: SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, 2014.
Mayring, Philipp. Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoritical Foundation, Basic Procedures and Software Solution. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. Klagenfurt, Austria, 2014. https://doi.org/http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-395173.
Miles B. Matthew, Huberman Michael A. An Expanded Sourcebook Qualitative Data Analysis Second Edition. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Vol. 1304, 2014.
Mohsin, Magda Ismail Abdel. “The Development of Waqf in Sudan for Sustainable Development.” In Islamic Finance in Africa, 273–86. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802209907.00027.
Mohsin, Magda Ismail Abdel, Hisham Dafterdar, Murat Cizakca, Syed Othman Alhabshi, Shaikh Hamzah Abdul Razak, Seyed Kazem Sadr, Thamina Anwar, and Mohammed Obaidullah. “Legal Framework of the Institution of Waqf.” In Financing the Development of Old Waqf Properties. Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics, 1–12. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58128-0.
Nashirudin, Muh, Ramadhan Razali, and Almira Keumala Ulfah. “Modernizing Zakat and Waqf Management in Indonesia: A Legal And Governance Perspective.” Mazahib: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 24, no. 1 (2025): 198–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v24i1.9419.
Pitchay, Anwar Allah, Ahamed Kameel Mydin Meera, and Muhammad Yusuf Saleem. “Priority of Waqf Development among Malaysian Cash Waqf Donors: An AHP Approach.” Journal of Islamic Finance 3, no. 1 (2014): 13–22.
Rohmaningtyas, Nurwinsyah. “Pengumpulan Wakaf Berbasis Pesantren: Studi Kasus Di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Dan Pondok Modern Tazakka.” ADILLA: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 6, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52166/adilla.v1i1.728.
———. “Pengumpulan Wakaf Berbasis Pesantren: Studi Kasus Di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Dan Pondok Modern Tazakka.” ADILLA : Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–21.
Solichin, Nur Mifchan. “Temporary Waqf as a Study of Fiqh Muamalah (Juridical Thoughts and Possibility of Its Implementation).” Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 14, no. 2 (2022): 243–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/azzarqa.v14i2.2704.
Sukmana, Raditya. “Critical Assessment of Islamic Endowment Funds (Waqf) Literature: Lesson for Government and Future Directions.” Heliyon 6, no. 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05074.
Syahruddin, Khurun’in; Zahro’, Ariqiya; Nurfattah, Azzam; Al Hanif, and Roudhoh Hannaris Said. “Membangun Penguatan Pemahaman Dan Kesadaran Wakaf Masyarakat Pesantren Gontor Melalui GISWAF.” Jurnal Pengabdian Pendidikan Masyarakat (JPPM) 6, no. 1 (2025): 24–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52060/jppm.v6i1.2797.
Syamsuri, Syamsuri, Syamsuddin Arif, Alfarid Fedro, and Vina Fithriana Wibisono. “Critic Analysis of Responsibility Practices of Waqf Institution: Reason Condition from Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor.” Tsaqafah 16, no. 1 (2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v16i1.3572.
Zahro’, Khurun’in, Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, Winda Roini, Eko Nur Cahyo, and Vina Fithriana Wibisono. “Assessing the Nâzir Waqf’s Professionalism of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) from an Islamic Perspective.” Al-’Adalah 22, no. 2 (2025): 409–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v222.25964.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Iman Nur Hidayat, Saiya Umma Taqwa, Khurun’in Zahro’, Fika Hidayatullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
